Circular Economy is an approach that seeks to reduce virgin resource extraction and waste through durability, reuse, repair, remanufacturing, and material recovery.
In systems analysis, the term is useful when it clarifies a mechanism, accumulation, constraint, or governance choice rather than serving as a vague label.
Read Circular Economy Through a Systems Lens: Beyond Recycling More Waste and Material Flow Analysis: How to Measure Whether Circular Strategies Work.